نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته فلسفه دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران (نویسندة مسئول)
2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ، ایران
چکیده
سخن از معرفت شناسی اصول فقه در دو مقام توصیفی و هنجاری مطرح میشود. رویکرد توصیفی به معنای معرفت شناسی اصول فقه در مقام «هست» و شامل فقه اصولی و فقه اخباری خواهد بود که در این مقاله از آن سخن به میان میآید. رویکرد هنجاری در معرفت شناسی اصول فقه نیز در مقام «باید» و شامل چیستی معرفت فقهی، منابع معرفت فقهی و امکان معرفت فقهی است که میتوان آن را در پژوهش های دیگری مورد بررسی قرارداد. در اینجا تلاش شده ضمن بیان جایگاه علم اصول فقه در استنباط های فقهی، نقش محوری و اهمیّت مسأله حجیّت ذاتی قطع بهعنوان یک عنصر معرفتی مشترک در تمامی استدلال های فقهی توصیف شود. در همین راستا ابتدا خاستگاه این مسأله، چرایی طرح آن و مبانی مختلف اتّخاذ شده از سوی اصولیان در خصوص حجیّت ذاتی قطع در علم اصول فقه مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است؛ در ادامه با توجه به دقّت های عقلی و شناختی که از سوی اصولیان برای اثبات ذاتی بودنِ حجیّت قطع لحاظ شده است پیش فرض های معرفت شناسانه آنان نیز مشخّصشده و در پایان، ارزیابی از نزاع معرفتی اخباری با اصولی (واقعگرایی) و نحوه مواجهه ناکارآمد اصولی در پاسخ به اخباری (ذهنگرایی) مطرح می شود.
طبق یافته های این تحقیق، امکان ارائه تبیینی کارآمدتر از ساختار حجیّت در اصول فقه به عنوان نظریه جایگزینِ حجیّت ذاتی قطع و در پاسخ به اخباریگری همچنان وجود دارد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The examination of epistemological disagreement of Usulis and Akhbaris on Essential validity of certainty (qat’)
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Hosein Safaee 1
- Hosein Vale 2
1 Shahid Beheshti University
2 Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]
The epistemology of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) expressed in Descriptive and normative domains. The descriptive approach discusses about “is” problems and includes Usuli’s and Akhbari’s jurisprudence that will be discussed in this article. The normative approach talks about “oughts” and the nature of jurisprudencial knowledge, its sources and its possibility. The normative approach could be examined in other articles. Here, alongside with revealing the position of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence in jurisprudential derivations (istinbat fiqhi), we tried to mention the centrality of essential validity of certainty as a common epistemic element in all of jurisprudential arguments. To do so, first of all, the origin of this issue, the reason of its posing, and various bases adopted by Usulis about essential validity of certainty will be considered and afterwards, according to precise intellectual and epistemic Considerations of Usulis for proving the essential validity of certainty, their epistemic presuppositions will be determined and eventually, the epistemic disagreement of Akhbaris vs. Usulis (realism) will be
The epistemology of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) expressed in Descriptive and normative domains. The descriptive approach discusses about “is” problems and includes Usuli’s and Akhbari’s jurisprudence that will be discussed in this article. The normative approach talks about “oughts” and the nature of jurisprudencial knowledge, its sources and its possibility. The normative approach could be examined in other articles. Here, alongside with revealing the position of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence in jurisprudential derivations (istinbat fiqhi), we tried to mention the centrality of essential validity of certainty as a common epistemic element in all of jurisprudential arguments. To do so, first of all, the origin of this issue, the reason of its posing, and various bases adopted by Usulis about essential validity of certainty will be considered and afterwards, according to precise intellectual and epistemic Considerations of Usulis for proving the essential validity of certainty, their epistemic presuppositions will be determined and eventually, the epistemic disagreement of Akhbaris vs. Usulis (realism) will be introduced and the disefficient confrontation of Usulis with Akhbaris (subjectivism) will be assessed. According to our findings, still the more effective explanation of validity’s structure in usul al-fiqh could be given as an alternative theory of essential validity of certainty and it could be taken as a reply to Akhbarism.
introduced and the disefficient confrontation of Usulis with Akhbaris (subjectivism) will be assessed. According to our findings, still the more effective explanation of validity’s structure in usul al-fiqh could be given as an alternative theory of essential validity of certainty and it could be taken as a reply to Akhbarism.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- certainty
- essential validity
- instrumentality
- context of truth discovering
- representation of realty
- Akhbarism
- Usulism
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