نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه حقوق، نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
There are two major approaches concerning the relationship between reality and contract: the realist approach, which asserts a connection between empirical and social reality and the contract, considering the origin of contracts to be rooted in reality; and the voluntarist approach, which claims a separation between reality and contract. The issue at hand is to determine which of these approaches influences the theory of transfer (naql) in unauthorized contracts (‘aqd-e fozuli)—a theory put forth by jurists which posits that the legal effects of the contract are established only from the time of ratification—and what strengths, weaknesses, and legal consequences this theory entails. This theory reflects traces of pure realism, viewing the contract as entirely subject to the principles governing the external world, thereby diminishing the foundational role of human will. A moderate approach offers a balanced perspective, acknowledging the influence of reality on contracts while also upholding the principle of freedom of contract (the sovereignty of will), thus recognizing both contractual autonomy and the impact of external realities.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/575.