نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 استاد فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
3 استادیار فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The most significant jurisprudential challenge concerning joint-stock companies lies in identifying their nature and status within Islamic jurisprudential company classifications and determining whether a joint-stock company constitutes a contract or merely an organizational entity established for conducting trade with the collective assets of shareholders. Among jurists and legal scholars, there is disagreement; even if the theory of a joint-stock company being a contract is deemed preferable, the issue of aligning such companies with Islamic jurisprudential company types arises.
The existence of assets and an independent legal personality distinct from the shareholders, the presence of mandatory laws governing the management of joint-stock companies, and the subordination of shareholders to the majority vote are among the key obstacles to accepting the theory of a joint-stock company as a contract. From the perspective of contemporary jurists, among the contracts and companies recognized in Islamic jurisprudence, only the ʿInān partnership and the Muḍārabah contract exhibit significant structural similarities to joint-stock companies. However, the Commercial Code's emphasis on selecting members of the board of directors exclusively from shareholders creates a primary challenge in aligning joint-stock companies with the Muḍārabah contract and the ʿInān partnership. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, concludes that accepting the classification of joint-stock companies under the Muḍārabah contract theory is highly problematic. Although their alignment with the ʿInān partnership may be feasible, the more reasonable and accurate approach is to recognize them as a novel and independent partnership contract, grounded in the principles of validity and freedom of contracting for lawful agreements.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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