Stezhari Oath; Exception or Regle

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Private Law, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran (Corresponding Author)

2 Master’s Student in Commercial Transport Law, Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

One of the kinds of oaths in Slamic Jurisprudence is Stezhari Oath. This oath is mentioned in section 1333 of Civil Code and section 278 of Civil Procedural Code but the legislator has not considered any name or title for it. It appears that the legislator, in the sections above, knows the said oath as valid and applicable in Action against deceased but due to the subject is derived from Slamic Jurisprudence, we are in need of studying the Jurist’s opinions. There are, In Slamic Jurisprudence, two major viewpoints on the occasions that such oath may be taken. Under the grounds that have been rendered in favor of impossibility of generalization of Stezhari Oath from certain occasion to similar ones ( minor, absent and ….) contrary to viewpoint that accept the generalization, the said oath is applicable in one occasion ie action against deceased and it may not be expansive to other occasions. Meanwhile there is an exceptional opinion that affirms the separation between the subjects similar to deceased condition. It appears that notwithstanding the different bases for the opinion regarding the possibility of generalization of Stezhari Oath, the opinion of impossibility of generalization is more reasonable.

Keywords

References

  • Ashtiani, Haj Mirza Mohammad Hassan (1984 CE), Kitab al-Qada, Qom: Hijrat.
  • Bahrami, Bahram (2013 CE), Essentials of Evidence Law, 4th ed., Tehran: Negah Beyeneh.
  • Tabrizi, Mirza Jawad (n.d.), Asas al-Qada wa al-Shahada, Qom: Author’s Office.
  • Jab‘i ‘Amili (Shahid Thani), Zayn al-Din bin Ali (2013 CE), Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh al-Lum‘ah al-Dimashqiyyah, Vol. 2, 9th ed., Qom: Shari‘at.
  • Jab‘i ‘Amili (Shahid Thani), Zayn al-Din bin Ali (1997 CE), Masaalik al-Afhaam ila Tanqeeh Sharaa’i‘ al-Islam, Vol. 13, No place: Pasdar Islam.
  • Haeri, Seyed Kazem (1995 CE), Al-Qada fi al-Fiqh al-Islami, Qom: Majma‘ al-Fikr al-Islami.
  • Harr ‘Amili, Muhammad bin Hassan (n.d.), Tafsil Wasa’il al-Shi‘ah ila Tahsil Masa’il al-Shari‘ah, Vol. 18, Tehran: Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah.
  • Hosseini Rouhani, Seyed Mohammad Sadeq (1994 CE), Fiqh al-Sadiq, Vol. 25, 3rd ed., Qom: Dar al-Kitab.
  • Hosseini Shirazi, Seyed Mohammad (1989 CE), Mawsu‘ah Istidlaliyyah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami, Vol. 84, 2nd ed., Beirut: Dar al-‘Ulum.
  • Hosseini Milani, Seyed Ali (1981 CE), Al-Qada wa al-Shahadat, Vol. 1, Qom: No Publisher.
  • Hilli, Yahya bin Sa‘id (1985 CE), Al-Jami‘ li al-Sharaa’i‘, Qom: Sayyid al-Shuhada.
  • Khoui, Seyed Abulqasim (1976 CE), Mabani Takmilat al-Minhaj, Vol. 2, 2nd ed., Najaf: Al-Adab.
  • Rashti, Mirza Habibollah (1981 CE), Kitab al-Qada, Vol. 1, No place: Khayyam.
  • Sobhani Tabrizi, Jafar (1997 CE), Nizam al-Qada wa al-Shahada fi al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah al-Ghira’, Vol. 1, Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute.
  • Shams, Abdollah (2020 CE), Evidence in Legal Claims, 31st ed., Tehran: Darrak.
  • Tabatabai Yazdi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem (2002 CE), Al-‘Urwah al-Wuthqa, Vol. 6, Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute.
  • Tabatabai (Mujahid), Seyed Mohammad bin Ali (n.d.), Al-Manahil, No place: Aal al-Bayt.
  • Amid, Hassan (1984 CE), Persian Dictionary, Tehran: Amir Kabir.
  • Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin, Muhammad bin Hassan bin Yusuf (1969 CE), Idah al-Fawa’id fi Sharh Ishkalaat al-Qawa‘id, Vol. 4, No place: Esma‘ilian.
  • Katouzian, Nasser (2005 CE), Evidence and Proof of Evidence, Vol. 2, 2nd ed., Tehran: Mizan.
  • Karimi, Abbas (2020 CE), Evidence in Legal Claims, 7th ed., Tehran: Mizan.
  • Muhaqqiq Ardabili, Ahmad (1994 CE), Majma‘ al-Fa’idah wa al-Burhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Adhan, Vol. 12, Qom: Islamic Publishing Institute.
  • Center for Islamic Information and Documentation (2013 CE), Lexicon of Usul al-Fiqh, 4th ed., Qom: Islamic Sciences and Culture Research Institute.
  • Mirza Qomi, Abulqasim bin Mohammad Hassan (2007 CE), Rasa’il al-Mirza al-Qomi, Vol. 2, Qom: Bustan al-Kitab.

Let me know if you need any refinements!

Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
Volume 16, Issue 37
December 2024
Pages 29-54

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics