Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
PHD. student of Shahid Motahari University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Associate Professor of Shahid Motahari University, Tehran, Iran: (correspondence author)
3
Assistant Professor, Shahid Motahari University, Tehran, Iran.
4
Master of Science University of Hadith, Qom, Iran.
10.22075/feqh.2022.26926.3237
Abstract
"Necessity" is a well-known principle in both jurisprudence and law, categorized as a secondary rule and applied across various legal and jurisprudential domains. When its conditions are met, this principle inevitably influences legislation, interpretation, and adjudication. Its impact is particularly significant in criminal law, where, due to public order concerns, sensitivity, and vulnerability, as well as its unique methodology, it occupies a critical role within the broader legal framework. Since criminal law typically embraces minimalism due to its severe, person-centered sanctions, the occurrence of necessity within the criminal sphere limits the expansion of criminal sanctions and must be interpreted within the framework of the principle of minimization in criminal law. Therefore, given the importance of this issue, the present study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on library research to examine the boundaries, criteria, and governing conditions of the necessity principle in the new Islamic Penal Code. This analysis demonstrates that reliance on this principle aligns with the logic and essence of criminal law, facilitating its application in this field far more effectively than in other legal areas, such as civil liability. Accordingly, it is recommended that the impact of necessity on civil liability be approached with greater caution, restricting its application to explicitly defined legal cases, particularly those based on fault-based liability.
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