Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Tehran (Farabi Campus), Qom, Iran.

2 PhD. Student of Criminal Law and Criminology, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom

Abstract

The knowledge of the occurrence of the result means the customary knowledge of the perpetrator as a result of his committed behavior is one of the constituent elements of the spiritual element in restricted crimes. This is referred to in indirect law as indirect or subordinate intent, while its essential and independent role in the intent of the outcome should not be overlooked. As in cases where the perpetrator of the world to the occurrence of the result, has no intention of the result. This poses a serious challenge to setting a standard for the knowledge of the occurrence of the result and makes the importance of studying it in Iranian criminal law a necessity. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between intentional and unintentional crimes. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between intentional and unintentional crimes. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between intentional and unintentional crimes.

Keywords

 - Aghaei Nia, Hossein (1389), special criminal law (crimes against individuals), Ch5, Tehran: Mizan.
 - Aghaei Nia, Hossein (1387), crimes against persons (spiritual personality), Ch. 3, Tehran: Mizan.
 - Ibn Idris, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad (1411 AH), al-Sara'er al-Hawi for Tahrir al-Fatawi, Ch2, Qom: Al-Anshar al-Islami Institute.
- Ardabili, Mohammad Ali (1400 AH), General Criminal Law, vol.1, ch64, Tehran: Mizan.
 - Afrasiabi, Mohammad Ismail (1376), General Criminal Law, Volume 1, Chapter 2, Tehran: Ferdowsi.
- Akrami, Ruhollah (2019), the criterion of the psychological element of an unintentional crime in the laws of Islamic and Western countries with a look at the approach of Islamic jurisprudence, Comparative Islamic and Western Law Research Quarterly, 7/3, 24-3.
 - Hosseini Ameli, Mohammad Javad (B.T.A.), Commentary on Ali Bab al-Qassas, Kashf al-Latham.
 - Khaleghi, Ali; Rajab, Mohammad Ali (2012), Analysis of a type of criteria in the psychological element of the crime of intentional murder (comparative study), Criminal Law Research Journal, 1, 121-146.
 - Khomeini (Imam), Seyyed Ruhollah (1380), Tahrir al-Wasila, Vol. 2, Tehran: Institute for Editing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini (RA).
- Seyyed Ahmad Khansari (B.T.A.), Jame al-Madarak fi Sharh al-Mukhtasar al-Nafi, vol. 6, Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Institute.
 - Khoi, Seyyed Abul-Qasim (1422 AH), The Basics of Takmulah Al-Manhaj, Vol. 44, Babol, Baghdad.
 - Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1377), Dictionary, Volume 4, Tehran: University of Tehran Publishing and Printing Institute.
 - Shams Natri, Mohammad Ibrahim (2015), Islamic Penal Code in the Current Legal System, Volume 1, Chapter 3, Tehran: Mizan.
- Shams Natari, Mohammad Ibrahim; Chengai, Farshad; Rahdarpour, Hamed (1391), Re-examination of compound crime in Iranian criminal law, Criminal Law Doctrines, 4, 85-108.
 - Sadeghi, Mohammad Hadi (2013), Special Criminal Law (1): Crimes against individuals (physical injuries), Ch20, Tehran: Mizan. - Sanei Dareh Bidi, Manouchehr (1366), Philosophical Culture, Tehran: Hikmat.
- Tabatabai, Seyyed Ali, (B.T.A.), Riaz al-Masail Fi Bayan al-Ahkam with evidence, vol. 2, Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Institute.
- Tousi, Khwajah Nasiruddin (2005), Adjusting the Standard in the Criticism of Depreciation of Thoughts, Tehran: University of Tehran Printing and Publishing Institute.
- Amid, Hassan (1375), Farhang Omid, Ch8, Tehran: Amirkabir.
- Gholamreza Ravi, conductor; Yousafund, Mahoud (2017), The effect of Cairo's authority on murder and injury caused by omission, Quarterly Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, 18, 133-154.
- Fazil Esfahani (Indian), Muhammad bin Hasan (1424 AH), Kashf al-Latham wa al-Bham on Qaaba al-Ahkam, vol. 11, Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Institute.
- Fazil Lankarani, Muhammad (1421 AH), the description of the Shari'ah in the description of Tahrir al-Wasila (Al-Qasas), Qom: Jurisprudential Center of Imams Athar (a.s.).
- Fathi, Morteza (2016), Revision of the psychological element of intentional crimes in Islamic jurisprudence and subject law, dissertation of the specialized doctoral course in criminal law and criminology.
 - Qiyasi, Jalaluddin; Akrami, Ruhollah (2013), The role of science in the typical lethality of behavior in the structure of intentional homicide from the perspective of Islamic and Western law, Islamic and Western Comparative Law Quarterly, 2, 105-134.
- Police station, Kewmerth; Jafarizadeh, Fattah (2013), Code and Examples of Typically Deadly Work with an Emphasis on the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, Judicial Law Perspectives Quarterly, 60, 151-178.
- Clarson, Christofram, V. (1371), Analysis of the Basics of Criminal Law, translated by Hossein Mirmohamed Sadeghi, Tehran: Cultural Support of Jihad University, Shahid Beheshti University.
- Gurji, Abolqasem (1391), Diyat, Ch2, Tehran: University of Tehran Printing and Publishing Institute. - Louis Maalouf (1998), Al-Munjad Fi Al-Lagheh and Al-Alam, Beirut: Al-Maktabeh Al-Sharqiya, Al-Najma area.
 - Mohseni, Morteza (1375), General Criminal Law, Volume 2, Tehran: Ahmadi. - Mohseni, Morteza (2016), General Criminal Law Course (General Criminal Law), Volume 1, Tehran: Ganj Danesh Library.
 - Mohaghegh, Mehdi; Hiko Izutsu, Toshi (1370), Logic and Vocabulary Discussions (a collection of texts and research articles), Tehran: University of Tehran Printing and Publishing Institute.
- Mohammad Khani, Abbas (2015), Psychological element of crime, Volume 1, Tehran: Mizan.
- Motahari, Morteza (1387), Introduction to Islamic Sciences, Volume 1, Tehran: Sadra. - Moin, Mohammad (1387), Persian Culture, Volume 1.
- Mufid (Sheikh), Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Nu'man (1410 AH), Al-Maqna, Qom: Al-Nashar al-Islami Institute.
 - Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Hossein (2012), special criminal law (crimes against individuals), Ch 11, Tehran: Mizan.
- Najafi (Saheb Javaher), Mohammad Hassan (1367), Jawaharlal Kalam in the description of Sharia al-Islam, research by Sheikh Mahmoud Qochani, Ch3, Vol.42, bib: Al-Maktabeh al-Islamiyya.
- Najib Hosni, Mahmoud (2016), General Theory of Criminal Intent, translated by Seyyed Ali Abbas Niay Zare, Ch2, Tehran: Mizan.
 - Onerangi, Mohammad; Aalipour, Hassan (2014), the criterion of knowledge of the occurrence of the outcome in Iranian criminal law with a comparative approach to English law and Imami jurisprudence, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Studies, 2/2, 3, 155-169.