Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Azad Islamic University-Semnan

2 DamghanUniversity

3 Azad Islamic University-Dameghan

Abstract

Humans have been familiar with political crimes since the beginning of human existence, so this article aimed to identify political crimes in Iran and the United States. According to the law, any offense of insulting or defaming the heads of the three branches, the chairman of the Expediency Council, vice presidents, ministers, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, members of the Assembly of Experts and members of the Guardian Council is an insult to the head or political representative of the country. Foreigners entering the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran In the election laws of leadership, presidency, Islamic Consultative Assembly and Islamic councils of cities and villages, spreading lies, if committed with the motive of reforming the affairs of the country against the management and political institutions or domestic or foreign policies of the country, without intending to strike To have the principle of the system is a political crime. All crimes can be considered political; Because behaviors are legally through a political process, according to which the interests and views of a particular group are served. Political crimes can be distinguished from other types of crimes; Because these kinds of crimes attack the whole value system of a government, not a small part of it. Such acts pose a threat to the ruling political power because they are a criminal act by a conflicting regime.

Keywords

- Asghari, Seyed Mohammad (2008), A Comparative Study of Political Crime, Tehran: Information Publications.
- Ian Ross, Jeffrey, (2011), Developments in Political Crime, translated by Hossein Gholami, Tehran: Samat Publications.
- Peyvandi, Gholamreza (2003), Political Crime, Tehran: Publications of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought.
- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jafar, (2006), Extensive in Legal Terminology, Tehran Law, Ganj-e-Danesh Publications.
- Tasnim News Agency, (2016), from the definition of a political crime to the privileges of a political criminal during his sentence.
- Daraeizadeh, Behnam, (2016), "The Fate of 'Political Crime' in Iran". bbc.com/persian. BBC Persian. Received on 17 June 2016.
- Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, (1998), "Dictionary", University of Tehran, Tehran.
- Radfar, Seyed Reza, (2010), Political Crime, Master Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch.
-Radio Farda. (1399), "Political Prisoner and Political Crime: A Study of the Status of Political Prisoners in the Two Regimes from the Perspective of Several Experts". Radiofarda.com. ۱۸ بهمن ۱۳۸۳. Received on 17 June 2016.
- Rahmani, Ghodratollah, (1397), A Comparative Study of the Evolution of the Concept of Political Crime in Iranian and Western Law, Volume 23, Number 82.
- Rashidi, Ahmad, Amin, Khademi, (2016), Political crime and the challenges of its definition in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Political Studies, No. 32.
- Rafsanjani Moghadam, Hossein and Hassanpour, Masoumeh, (2016), Terminology of Law Revision, Tehran, Optimal Cultural Institute.
 - Agriculture, Abbas (2001), Islamic Penal Code in the current legal system, Tehran: Phoenix.
 - Agriculture, Abbas, (1998), Political Crime, Tehran, Phoenix Publications.
-Zandian, Nahal, (1398), Investigation of Political Crime in Iran with Emphasis on the Law Adopted in 2016, Qanun Yar International Quarterly, Volume 3, Number 9.
 - Shojaei, Mitra, (2016), "Approval of the Political Crime Law; "Criticism of the performance of the government is a political crime." dw.com. Deutsche Welle Persian section. Received on 17 June 2016.
- Sanei, Parviz (1372); Public Criminal Law, Ganj-e-Danesh Library, Volume 5, Volume One.
- Siami, Shahriyar, (2015), "Approval of the political crime plan in the Iranian parliament." bbc.com/persian. BBC Persian. Received on 17 June 2016.
 - Alipour, Hassan and Nowruz Kargari, (2010), Crimes against national security, Tehran, Khorsandi Publications. Approved Political Crimes Law (2015).
- Karami, Davood, Hadi Keramati Moez, (2016), Political Crime Law approved in 2016 in Criticism, No. 12, No. 37, Winter 1995.
 - Gassen, Raymond, (1374), Theoretical Criminology, translated by Mehdi Ki Nia, Majd Scientific and Cultural Association Publications, Tehran, first edition.
 - Golduzian, Iraj, (2015), The Edge of the Islamic Penal Code, Tehran, Majd Publishing.
- Mohebbi, Jalil, (2010), The Necessities of Defining Political Crime in the Dictionary of Constitutional Rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Volume 11, Number 31, Spring and Summer 2010, pp. 5-55
- Mousavifar, Seyed Mohsen, Kazem Khosravi, (1398), The law of political crime in the critical plant along with the criminal policy of Islam (Imami jurisprudence) against political crimes, Majd Publications.
 - Norouzi, Kambiz, (2016), Political Crime in the Critique Plant, Surasrafil Legal Weekly, No. 100. Hashemi, 26-Mohammad (1995), Constitutional Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.
- Finklea M. (2012). Kristin, Identity Theft: Trend and issue,published by congressional research service, Washington D.C.
- Spagnoletti, Paolo (2005). Situational Crime Preventionand Cyber-crime investigation, eurocon, Europian union.
- The white House (2011). International strategy for cyberspace, washimgton D.C. - Twels, Joseph (2009). computer fraud,published by john willey and son, new jersey.
- M. Cherif Bassiouni(2007), International Extradition United States Law & Practice, Fifth Edition ,Oxford University Press, US.
-Sandel, Michel J(1996), Democracy Discontent, America in search of a Publlic Philosophy, Cambridge, mass: the bekknap press of Harvard university press .
- U.S. Department of Defense (july 2011). strategy for operating in cyberspace, washimgton D.C.