Doctrine confronting with 'rebellion' in Islamic Law and its reflection in the Iranian Penal Code 1370 & 1392

One of the issues that have been discussed in detail in Islamic law, how to resolve disputes in cases where both sides are Muslim. The main argument of this paper is to investigate cases in which a group of Muslims are having challenges with Islamic rule and the nature and motivation is political conflict. These conflicts are examined with the title of 'rebellion' and confronting with it under the "jihad against the rebellions". The hypothesis of this study is that: Doctrine deals with internal political conflicts in the Muslim rebellion and the solution that is predicted based on the brotherhood of all Muslims, peace, tolerance and human rights. The result is that the Iranian penal policy in this field is obviously different from the discourse of Islamic law. Despite the positive changes in the Penal Code of 1392, but no progress has been made in accordance with Islamic criminal policy.