Jurisprudential review of remote businesses in electronic systems with artificial intelligence agent

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Postdoctoral Researcher in Fiqh and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.

2 Professor of Fiqh and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.

10.22075/feqh.2023.30520.3590

Abstract

In this article, we will examine the jurisprudence of remote businesses in systems designed with artificial intelligence. In the second generation of virtual businesses, the system is under the control and operation of artificial intelligence, and all business activities are performed by a machine called Kubat, whose executive tool is artificial intelligence. In the e-commerce law, in general, activities in these types of systems are considered to be remote transactions. The jurists have considered distance transactions to be invalid because they cause harm, arrogance, pride, and deception. In other words, it was considered haram due to having a corrupt tali. This research is theoretical and based on case study. Data were collected through observation, electronic systems and specialized books. The main question in this research is: Are there transactions in the second generation virtual stores of a remote structure that are forbidden based on the fatwa, or is there another opinion in this regard? There are hypotheses in this regard. The result of the research is: in the second generation businesses that are done with artificial intelligence, there is no remote transaction and that fatwa cannot be applied to this structure as well. Therefore, businesses with artificial intelligence through a safe intermediary can be a permissible activity, and these systems are not forbidden as cooperation in evil and aggression.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
Volume 18, Issue 42
In progress
March 2026
Pages 37-78

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