Examining the jurisprudential and legal foundations of the permissibility and impermissibility of absentee proceedings

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Mehdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran (Corresponding Author)

2 PhD Graduate of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Yadegar-e-Imam (RA) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Master of Criminal Law and Criminology, Mehdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.

4 Master of Law

10.22075/feqh.2026.31263.3655

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of absentee proceedings in the works of Shia jurisprudence and subject law. Although in the season of hostility, the principle is that the parties to the dispute must attend the hearing, sometimes the unconditional adherence to this principle leads to the violation of the rights of individuals. Because it is possible that one of the parties to the dispute may hide his case from the access of the other party and the justice authorities, causing insecurity, uncertainty and dissatisfaction with the judicial system. Considering this, in Islam, intercession is accepted with the aim of creating security and preventing the violation of people's rights. According to this, in Islam, intercession is accepted with the aim of creating security and preventing the violation of people's rights. The jurists have also cited traditions and hadiths in order to prove the legality of the issue of divorce (proceeding in absentia) and have set conditions for it. Imamiyyah jurists consider issuing a judgment in absentia in matters that depend on personal rights and human rights as right and legitimate, and in divine rights and punishments, a judgment in absentia cannot be issued without the presence of the accused. Because the right of people is based on caution and the right of God is based on mitigation. Therefore, there is no limit to the right of God and punishments.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
Volume 17, Issue 40
In Progress
October 2025
Pages 309-336

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