study of the effect of formalism on unilateral obligations

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 phd student of law department of islamic azad university najafabad branch

2 Imamiyah jurisprudence ;Islamic jurisprudence College of university of islamic demonimation

3 Department of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch; Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
The influence of formalism extends beyond its role as a guiding and protective mechanism for the legal community; it is particularly notable in the realm of unilateral juridical acts, known as Iqāʿāt. Governments recognize the importance of examining the constructive intent within Iqāʿāt, and thus, formalism is employed as a supportive tool within legal frameworks to facilitate this process. Consequently, legislators have embedded a variety of forms within Iqāʿāt to uphold this principle. While formalism is often associated with contracts due to the varied impact of forms in contractual agreements, its application in Iqāʿāt has been somewhat overlooked. The legal community has yet to thoroughly explore the effects these forms have on the formation of Iqāʿāt and the underlying constructive intent.
This article challenges the misconception that formalism’s influence is confined to contract law and that its role in Iqāʿāt is limited to divorce proceedings. Through an analytical review of laws, it investigates the diverse applications of formalism within Iqāʿāt. Employing a research methodology grounded in library resources, the study systematically classifies the different ceremonies and forms present in Iqāʿāt under Iranian law. It further delineates the affirmative, evidentiary, protective, and directive impacts of each form on the Iqāʿ in question, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of formalism’s multifaceted role in legal actions.

Keywords

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Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
Volume 17, Issue 41
In Progress
December 2025
Pages 153-184

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