Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence

Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence

Re-examination of movable and immovable rights and claims with an emphasis on the criticism of the Supreme Court’s judicial precedent

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ali Ghesmati Tabrizi 1
Rahim Pilvar 2
1 Assistant professor, Law Department, Private Law, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran (Corresponding Author)
2 Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, University of Tehran (Farabi College), Qom, Iran.
10.22075/feqh.2025.37548.4243
Abstract
Being “movable or immovable” is a common issue in property law and civil procedure, and their identification and distinction leads to different rulings. This division does not have a major importance and a clear precedent in jurisprudence and is adapted from French law, and regarding some of its instances (especially regarding rights and claims), there have been ambiguities in this country that are also observed in Iranian law. Although judicial practice tends to consider everything related to immovable as immovable; however, given the limited scope and exceptional nature of immovable property and rights and the principle of jurisdiction of the court of the defendant’s residence, this criterion lacks scientific justification in Iranian law and cannot be a decisive criterion.Conversely, the criterion of dividing rights into “objective and subjective” that is favored by French doctrine and some authors will not be absolute and without exception in this regard. Therefore, paying attention to the concept of right and its subjects in the jurisprudential system seems to be a more acceptable criterion in separating and demarcating movable and immovable rights and claims. By adhering to this logic, whenever the direct subject of the obligation is an act of obligated party or a legal act, the right and claim are considered movable, and conversely, if the direct subject of the obligation concerns immovable property, the right and claim will also be immovable.
Keywords
Immovable property
movable property
objective right
personal right
competent court
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Journal of Studies in Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
Volume 17, Issue 41
Autumn 2025
Pages 41-70